CDM Regulations
The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 - the UK's primary framework for managing health, safety, and welfare on construction projects.
CDM Regulations means the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015, the main UK law on health and safety in building work. They cover almost every job, even a small one in someone's home. Each role on a project has its own legal duties, from the client to the principal designer and principal contractor.
In practice, when more than one contractor is involved, the client appoints a principal designer and a principal contractor in writing. For notifiable projects, the client also sends HSE an F10 notice. If nobody plans the work or appoints duty holders, HSE can take enforcement action, including stopping work.
Quick Reference
What are CDM Regulations?
The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM 2015) are the main set of regulations for managing health and safety on UK construction projects. They apply to virtually all construction work - from a single tradesperson doing a bathroom refurbishment to a multi-phase commercial development with dozens of contractors.
CDM 2015 establishes a framework of duty holders - the client, principal designer, principal contractor, designers, and contractors - each with specific responsibilities for planning, managing, and coordinating health and safety throughout a project.
For notifiable projects (those lasting longer than 30 working days with more than 20 workers simultaneously, or exceeding 500 person-days), the client must notify the HSE (via the online F10 portal) before work starts. A Health and Safety file must be compiled by the principal designer and handed to the client at project completion.
What Happens If It's Missed?
Failing to comply with CDM 2015 is a criminal offence. The HSE can issue improvement notices and prohibition notices, and can prosecute duty holders - clients, principal designers, or principal contractors - for failures. On notifiable projects, failing to submit the F10 notification is itself an offence. The HSE inspects construction sites and specifically checks for CDM compliance. In the event of an accident or fatality, CDM failures dramatically increase the severity of legal consequences for all duty holders.
How Construction Teams Track This
CDM compliance involves managing documentation across a project lifecycle - pre-construction information, the construction phase plan, method statements, risk assessments, and the health and safety file. On large sites, multiple documents have their own review dates and version histories. Compliance teams use a combination of project management software and document tracking systems to ensure no required document is missing, outdated, or unreviewed.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Yes. CDM 2015 applies to virtually all construction work, including small domestic projects. However, the duties are simpler and less onerous for smaller, non-notifiable projects. For domestic clients (homeowners), many CDM duties transfer to the principal contractor or, if there is only one contractor, to that contractor.
The Principal Designer coordinates health and safety during the pre-construction (design) phase. They are appointed by the client when there is more than one designer. The Principal Contractor manages health and safety during the construction phase. They are appointed when there is more than one contractor. Both roles are required on notifiable projects and recommended on all projects with multiple parties.
Key required documents include: Pre-Construction Information (provided by the client/designer to all tenderers), Construction Phase Plan (prepared by the principal contractor before construction begins), and the Health and Safety File (compiled by the principal designer and handed to the client at project end). For notifiable projects, an F10 notification to the HSE is also required.
A project must be notified when the work will last more than 30 working days and have more than 20 workers on site at the same time at any point. It must also be notified if it will exceed 500 person days. The client notifies HSE on form F10 as soon as practicable before construction starts. Every other CDM duty applies whether a project is notifiable or not.
A construction phase plan sets out how health and safety risks will be managed during the build. Every project needs one, whatever its size. The principal contractor writes it, or the contractor on a single-contractor project. It must be ready before the construction phase starts. Keep it proportionate to the job and update it as the work changes.
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